Modernist structure   This qualifies as a modern structure due to the plans of Yale University Art gallery. If you take a look at the plan, you will notice that it follow the modernist movement of a free plan instead of the neoclassical style of the existing structure. Also starting using reinforced concrete and glass glazing instead of standard wood frame and standard windows. But they do relate it back to the old structure always. (Ari & Delando)

System- Façade System   Louis Kahn designs a system that would help improve the previous façade system Yale University Art gallery. This system would be triple pain glass facade windows with a translucent spandrel panels to also help filter the natural light. The exterior windows played a greater roll than just a window; it also played as an exterior wall. Therefore being Louis Kahn signature wall-window system. These wall-windows system played a big part in Louis Kahn design; he believes strongly in natural light and natural heating from the sun. (Ari & Delando)

also add a quote by the architect in at least one post- where applicable) "You cannot simply put something new into a place. You have to absorb what you see around you, what exists on the land, and then use that knowledge along with contemporary thinking to interpret what you see." This philosophy of Tadao Ando is ever apparent in his design.

After encircling the wall L, the visitor ascends and descends a few steps around a space defined by four crosses, which defines a virtual cube understood as a divine disperses into the corners. The space inside the crossings is a small square of glass roof, which some seats are arranged on its perimeter. Crosses, 50 cm in thickness are arranged in such a way that their extreme points are separated by just 5 centimeters, the dramatic rise of the composition The floor is covered with slabs of black granite.

Steel frame structure

Concrete, glass, and steel frame.

Next to the chapel lies a concrete porch of 6.2 m high, holding a beam that stretches 15.9 m. This gate symbolically reinforces the idea of transition from the sacred to the profane, while functionally hosts limiting sliding screen between the chapel and the pond

Ando's architecture is based on a clear geometric order. The composition of the church is based on water at the intersection of two volumes (a prism of a square base of 15 m square and a cube of side 10 meters) that share a corner in an area of 5 x 5 m Wrapped in an aesthetic devoid of ornament, many of the works of Tadao Ando base their wealth in building the relationship with nature.

Modernist structure - Yale Art Gallery   This qualifies as a modern structure due to it breaking away from neoclassical architecture and start using glass glazing as a facade system. Also starting using reinforced concrete instead of standard wood frame. Louis also us color to help symbolize each space, this style was also part of the modernist era. (Ari & Delando)

Spatial order- Yale Art Gallery   If you look at the photo above you can see the ceiling of the art galleries has an array of triangle that flows between the beams of the ceiling. The articulations of the triangle from the ceiling help form the triangle shape of the stairs located in a light shaft. To control the light that would get into the light shaft; they continued with the triangle spatial order by putting a triangle shape in front of the skylight. This acted like a screen to help control the nature light. (Ari & Delando)

Program- Yale Art Gallery   The program with in the Yale art gallery consists of five floors, including the basement. The basement level is where you can find the sculpture court collection storage and management quarters. Then on the first level there is a gathering spaces, lobby and prints/ drawings gallery. The second and the third level is where you can find the permanent art exhibit. And the top floor is a fixture of permanent and temporary exhibits. (Ari & Delando)     

System- Yale Art Gallery   Louis Kahn designs two different types of facade systems for the Yale university art gallery. One system was a wood louver system, which would help control the direct natural light. The second system would be triple pain glass facade windows with a translucent spandrel panels to also help filter the natural light. These panels and louver system played a big part in Louis Kahn design. He believes strongly in natural light and natural heating from the natural light. (Ari & Delando)

Unlike the old Roman perfect uniformed brick Rafael Moneo used a thing long brick to articulate the spaces in the museum. The bricks were gold and reddish, which really became vibrant when the skylights allowed in the natural light.

Rafael Moneo used arches to merge the old (Ancient Rome) and new ideas (Modernism)  of design. He uses a modern take on the basilica type by expanding the nave and allowing the natural light to come into the space.

Ancient city on the below level, exhibition space was on the ground level.

The lower level shows the excavation of the ancient Roman city, this is ordered by the column grid.

As one of the fathers of the modern architecture movement, Le Corbusier has mostly stayed true to his modernist intentions when it comes to his work.  This project can be seen as a little bit of a stray away from his 5 points (Lifted, Ribbon Window, Free facade, Free plan, and to occupy the roof).  Some of things things can be seen in the project.  He has occupied the roof as a roof garden but controversy can be throughout many more of his moves throughout the design.  There was concern with the ground, structure and to have a very limited budget, Le Corbusier had to design around these restrictions rather then him mostly doing whatever he wanted.

A small percentage of the site is treated with a daily portion of the sun that run dominantly through the site.  A portion of the site consists of a walled-garden.

For materials used in the project, it was mainly structure used for structure and distributing loads throughout spaces.  The use of the most common and crudest materials can be seen in exterior and interior spaces due to a very lost budget.

Detail Structure – Based in Merida, Spain, the National Museum of Roman Art carries a strong sense of history behind it with a solid column grid and its circulation toward/within its substance.   The well-known Roman arches are a subtle yet powerful statement upon entry.   Design wise not only serves for structure but continues to create a smooth sight for visitors on their way to experience one of the greatest cities in the Roman Empire. Detail Material – Physically, Moneo used brick walls, iron railings and concrete slabs throughout the building.   He uses hints of gold and red paint on the walls to compliment the great deal of sunlight penetrating from above.   This gives the visitor a feeling of time travel, allowing them the full experience being able to bask in the multitude of glories and antiquities of the Roman Empire. Detail Context – Moneo does not exaggerate any of his architecture designs.   He simply creates a casing for the "gold" ...

Concrete, brick tiling, and wooden beams were used as structure in various ways throughout interior and exterior spaces.  Vaults formed with material were to create permanent shuttering (Catalan Vaults).

Modernist intentions- Garden Building, St. Hilha's college    The garden building would be considered to be modernist building. From reinforce concerted and how the building is tectonic, due to the columns jutting out the structure. (Delando & Ari)

Detail Context- Garden Building, St. Hilha's college    The façade system also plays along with the context of the interior and exterior of the garden building. The triangular shape is articulated in the covered exterior walkway; the interior doors also have that repetition of the façade. If you look at the wall located at the steps in the building, it also has this on going triangle repetition. (Delando & Ari)     

System- Garden Building, St. Hilha's college    Peter and Alison Smithson created a concrete and wood façade system. They took the building structure and pulled the columns outside the walls. The façade widows have large glass openings. Therefor he used large wood timber to reduce sun glare and it gave privacy to the ladies who dorms there. (Delando & Ari)

The interior design plays with the use of natural lighting and how it enters each of the spaces. There are various geometric skylights that bring light inside. Aalto wanted the users of   Wolfsburg   to have enough reading light in the library space and auditorium spaces, and he designed very schematic placements of these skylights to achieve this. He even designed them so that they can be manipulated.  

Program- Garden Building, St. Hilha's college    On the ground floor there are studies, trunk room, service spaces, a gallery and a out door green space and cover walk way. The second and up consist of the bedrooms, private studies, living rooms, ironing area and galleries.  (Delando & Ari)

a combination or arrangements and the ordering of all the elements in a work that each contributes to the total aesthetic effect. This is seen in the interior of the building. With similar materials and same esthetic value and openings. merging of one thing into another; the process of bringing together into one. The building blending in with the topography of the surrounding forms a union between nature and the building itself. Everything he creates is harmoniously in balance though evidently sharp. He believes that less is more. https://www.slideshare.net/nabeelajoomun/presentation-final-1-50381306

The building is composed of four sections: the municipal library, a small school for adult education, an area for hobbies and entertainment, and an area for club meetings and community service events. The design is made up of a few different spaces that radiate around a central square. On the ground floor there are businesses on the street, access to the library and conference rooms, access to the youth house, children's library department and the citizens. On the first floor there are the auditorium of the university, workshops and club rooms and a courtyard for various activities. 

Program- Garden Building, St. Hilha's college    On the ground floor there are studies, trunk room, service spaces, a gallery and a out door green space and cover walk way. The second and up consist of the bedrooms, private studies, living rooms, ironing area and galleries.  (Delando & Ari)

Aalto repeats a couple moves that we have seen from him before in terms of special order. These moves include the bar of offices and his large rectangular gathering space. The rest of the spaces include "floating" auditorium spaces that are descending in terms of size both in height that can be seen straight on in the main façade and this translates in plan as well. 

"The house, by Tadao Ando for the designer Koshin, is a veritable maze of lights and shadows. Like Barragan, the architect seeks to reconcile the tenets of international modernism with tradition and landscape, in this case, Japanese. So, The House Koshin is an example of contemporary architecture built in two parallel wings that barely interrupt the landscape. "

Program- Garden Building, St. Hilha's college    On the ground floor there are studies, trunk room, service spaces, a gallery and a out door green space and cover walk way. The second and up consist of the bedrooms, private studies, living rooms, ironing area and galleries.  (Delando & Ari)

Asymmetrical Balance Not symmetrical , with the parts not arranged correspondingly identical on both sides of the central axis. It creates a sense of equilibrium by the arrangement of two sets of forms of different size and shape. In this case the middle staircase acts like the line of symmetry and both sides have asymmetrical balance.

Except for Aalto's reused bar of offices in the floor plan, the entire ground floor is offset columns around the perimeter. The structure is holding up the reading room of the library and auditorium volumes so they look like they are flying on the street. On the interior columns we also see a technique that is reused, the variation of columns for different spaces. Some columns are doubles and other single, however this has nothing to do with the bearing on the columns but the design of the spaces. 

The house is organized into two parallel bodies, joined by an underground passage which define a central courtyard. The body contains a shorter living room of double height, while the longest wing houses a number of bedrooms. The study in the form of a crescent, adjacent to the living room, was added later, in sharp contrast with the composite bodies already in existence.

Another factor worth noting is that there are no decorative elements. The view provided by the wide openings along with the shadows cast by the narrow openings and skylights, and the texture of the concrete both combined, operate as the only ornamentation. Smooth Concrete All the walls are made of this material and are free of ornamentation and in their natural form. Tadao Ando used this material because it is a way to admit light and wind within the walls and creating a sense of serenity and wide open spaces. Another reason why using this material is due to industrialization and technological resources to which access is the architect living in a developed country such as Japan. Glass Widely used to make large glass windows throughout the house. The reason for using this material is giving way to large quantities of light and offer a view of the garden.

The detail thinking for the interior of this building makes it post modernist. Because Aalto didn't only design the building it self, he focused on every details of the light entrance to the joints and even the furnitures of this building. His intensions were for people to really appreciate and understand his concept and the full use for it's highest potential. He designed this building during his mid career when he was experimenting too. He was always fascinated by nature and culture and how we are part of it.He once said "Architecture belongs to culture, not civilization". 

"The forms are partially buried into the sloping ground of a national park and become a compositional addition to the landscape. Placed carefully as to not disrupt the pre-existing trees on the site, the structure responds to the adjacent ecosystem while the concrete forms address a more general nature through a playful manipulation of light."

There are three spaces. Semi public, Public and Private. The semi public holds the studios, the public holds the kitchen and living room and the private holds the bedrooms and bathrooms. 

What makes the Wolfsburg Cultural Center unique is it's facade which is cladded with blue and white Carrara marble hexagon shaped form of the building. That gives the first floor a distinct flavor but the ground floor is recessed to give the visitors a welcoming affect. 

The space is broken up into three parts. Space one, the rounded area is semi public. This space holds the studio spaces. The second area, the rectangle in the middle, is public. This space holds the living room and the kitchen. The last space, long rectangle, is private. This space holds the bedrooms and the bathrooms.  All spaces are connected with the long hallway to the left.

Structures were mostly concrete columns and some load bearing walls. The exterior columns are made out of marble.The most amazing thing in this building is the interior details he worked on. The provision of skylight in the library space, careful design of the interiors and the customized furniture for the building is a proof of his love for architecture. 

Ando uses concrete as his main structural material. 'T he structure responds to the adjacent ecosystem while the concrete forms address a more general nature through a playful manipulation of light. " ( http://www.archdaily.com/161522/ad-classics-koshino-house-tadao-ando )

The facades are of Carrara marble white and blue, combined with sienita Pamir. The interior was used granite and wood. 

The two buildings were designed to create the illusion of floating by having the raised floor plan. This was possible due to Mies use of modern materials such as steel and concrete. Mies designed the apartments to be able to shift in layout and design depending on the inhabitant with a basic open floor plan to start.  http://www.archdaily.com/59487/ad-classics-860-880-lake-shore-drive-mies-van-der-rohe